sander



(No Model.) 5 sheets-sheen 1.

Gr. SANDER.

PNEUMATIG ACTION POR OR'GANS'. NO. 367,666. Pat'elltd Aug. 2, 1887.

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.,

(No Model.)

G. SANDER. PNBUMATIC ACTION FOR ORGANS.

No.y 367,666. Patented'Aug. 2, 1887., l

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. SANDER. PNBUMATIG ACTION FOR ORGANS.

Patented Aug. 2, 1887.

Nv PETERS. Plmm-Limogmplmr. wnshingxnn. DA1.

(No Model.) i 5 sheetsfsheen 4.

N PETERS4 Pimm-Limograpner. washington. n.0

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

G. SANDER.

PNBUMATIG vACTION FOR ORGANS.

1Y0-367,666. Patented Aug. 2, 1887.

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N. PETERS. Pham-Lrrnogmphnr. wasmngw, D. c.

UNITED STATES' PATENT OFFICE.,

GUSTAV SANDER, OF BRUNSVICK, 'BRUNSVICIQ GERMANY.

PNEUMATIC ACTION FOR oRe'ANs.

SPECPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 367,666, dated August 2, 1887.

Application led February 7, 1Std. Serial No. 26,843. (No model.)

Ton/ZZ wtom, it may concern.:

Be it known that I, GUSTAV SANDER, a subject of the Regent of Brunswick, in the GermauEmpire, and aresident of the city of Brunswick, in the Dukedom of Bru nswiek,Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Organs, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a construction of organs and similar musical instruments so that those mechanical devices may be dispensed with which have been used hitherto to cause the said musical instruments to sound, and by which devices the varieties of expression and power of tone are obtainedthat is to say, to dispense with the register draw-stops arranged at the side or above the manual, and t0 effect by pneumatic action all functions hitherto eX- ecuted by drawing'or pushing these mechanical devices by hand, and thus to perform the different functions more rapidly and precisely and with greater accuracy, and also to render theV playing on these instruments easier and more convenient.

NVith this viewthe invention consists, first, in a new and complete construction of a pneumatic wind-chest, by the arrangement of the several parts of which, as well as by its simplicity and the insensibilityto temperature, a

positive action of all shut-oft' devices neces-v sary to cause ythe pipes to sound is obtained;

second, in a simple apparatus by which,

through pipes of two inches in diameter, air is admitted to or let out of the wind-chest by means of the claviers, and that the desired locking devices of the pipe-holes are opened by the change of air-pressure; third, in a manual, instead of the actual register-stops,

mitted to the pipe of the other claviers.

with a device to cause several registers at pleasure to sounder to be silent at the same time, the whole device being called balanceregister clavier;7 fourth, in apneumatic coupling of the different claviers to each otherthat is to say, in a device by which the movements of any key of one clavier can be trans- This coupling may also be such as to unile the voices of the claviers in oetaves.

0n`thc accompanying drawings, Figures 2 to 5 are given .double the size of Figs. 1 and 6 to 8, and Figs. 9 to l2, showing details, are considerably larger than those rst named.

Fig. 1 is a plan of the windchest and its connections with the claviers. rlhe part A represents the windchest and its connections with `the balance-register clavier, the pneumatic-actioncylinders being taken oli". The part B is a similar view. Thepart C represents the wind-chest, the cover being taken off in order tovshow the pneumatic action cylinders with the apertures for admitting air. The vpart D shows the cover provided with holes for the pipes. section of the wind-chest, following line E F in the half-size, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section following line'G Hin Fig. 1, iu larger size, it being supposed that each separate tone is used for one clavier only. Fig. 4 is a section, following line J K in Fig. 1, in larger size, the arrangement being so that the same tone can be caused to sound by onepipe-valve only, independently of one or the other of the elaviers, or by both simultaneously. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section following line L M in Fig. 1. Fig. (i shows the arrangement of the mechanisms for playing on an upper manual, a lower manual, and a pedal, and their connections with theappertaining wind-chests. Fig.

6" is the cross-section of the pneumatic'windchest, following line N O through Fig. 1, and its pipe leading to the balance-register clavier.

Fig. 6b is a view of the wind-chest for the Fig. 2 is a longitudinal.

to besilcntnamcly, Fig. 9 in repose, Fig. 10 y after working, Fig. 11 at the moment of. returning into repose.- Fig. 12 representsakey of Fig. 6 considerably enlarged. Fig. 13 represents a front elevation of theA organ.

The pneumatic wind chest represented by Fig.` 1 is supposed to be constructed for. four register-pipes, and is arranged in such a inanner as to allow of playing on all four registers by one manual, or of playing on two of these registers only by a second manual. The arrangement, however, may also be so that all registers or each of the same can be acted upon, directly and at pleasure, by a second or third manual. n

As shown in Figs. 2 and G, the frame (t a their joints c.

of the wind-chest is closed at the top by the pi pe-boards I), which rest on cross-beams d at lo increase the capacity of bearing at the cross-beanisdthey are provided underneath with angle-irons, in order to se cure the pipes in an immovable, and certain position.

The bottom ofthe wind-chest is At'ormcd by the valve containing boards e, upon which are fixed the pneumaticaction cylindersf, bclonging to the relative register, the wind-chest being closed airtight by this means. In these boards c are arranged the small air-channels 71, communicating with the interior of the windchest, the channels thus being provided with air by the function of the iogistenkeys. As soon as the entrance of air is shut oil' from the channels the relative register will be prepared for being played on, so that impulse given by the clavier acts upou all cylindersf communicating with the said channels. This arrangement is for providing each register with two or more channels, and for connecting the same with two or more claviers, and thereby rendering it possible to play on the relative register lrom dit'ferent claviers independently.

In order to close the pneumatic-action cylinders fair-tight at bot-h ends, stays t and screw-bolts k are provided, by means ol' which the board e and pipe-board b of the windel1est can be connected with each other. Directly underneath the board e, crossing the wind-l chest at the bottoin,\vooden ledges are placed, each ot' which contains for every key two chaunels,Z and I', the channels l belonging to one clavier and the channels Z to another clavier. The, channels connnuuieate at each tone and at each register with the interior ot' the cylinderf, situated above, and thus any change in filling these channels with organwind, or after its dispersion with atmospheric air, will act upon the interior of theI cylinders f. At the outer side ofthe wind-chest is arranged a controlling apparatus, m, containing the necessary valves l'or the entrance and escape oi' air.

Fig. 3 shows the interior oi a cylinder, f, in its position in the windehest and it-s connection with the controlling apparatus on, provided with the channelsn ando and two valves7 q and yr. In this iigure a construction is supposed in which each single tone of a register can be used for one clavier only, while Fig. t, represents an arrangement in which the same tone can be caused to sound independently et' one or other ofthe claviers, or ol' both simut taneously, by one pipe-valve only.

As shown in Figs. 3 and et, v/ is the bore in which the plunger t can play up and down easily, according as the cylinder is used for one, Fig. 3, or two claviers, Fig. 4t. Bores (3, which lead into the upper part ol` the bore y, are arranged in such manner as to combine the top part ol.' the plunger 'v with the exhaustehannel Z bythe air-duct 11. Above the bore y; the cylinder j' is prolonged in the form oi' 'a thin cylindrical postfr, provided with a verti cal bore, 7, and above the same with another bore, 10, through which the wind passes to the pipehole.

To prevent the compressed air which acts beneath the plunger o, Fig. 4i, from passing over to the upper side ot` the same, a meinbrane, 4t, of leather is attached to the lower side of the plunger. rlhe rim oi' this membrane is glued over a ring, 5. A wire,1, which passes through the plunger 'v and the bores 7 and 10 et the post a', is iixed at the lower side of the plunger u by means of a screw-nut. The upper end oi" this wire sup ports the valve e, by which an ai r-tight elosu re ofthe bore 10 can be ei't'eeted. the post a' two, three, or more bores, S, are made, the number ol' the same varying according to the diameter of' the said top. Thus if the windchestis lilled with organ-wiml the pressure existing below the valve c' endeavors to litt the latter.

To prevent the valve opening ol.' itself and the air from escaping, a weight, 2, corresponding to the weight of the plunger and to thedianieter ol' the bore, is arranged on the upper side of lheplunger r. This weight mustbe such as to allow vthe plunger U to rise easily and quickly as soon as air-pressure acts upon the same from below, Fig. et, and in other cases to keep the hole 10 closed ait-tight by the valve c, Fig. 3. As air ot the same pressure acts not only through thebores i), which lead from the bores S to the central bore, 7, (intended i'or wire 1,) upon the upper side of the plunger, but also through the channel f/ upon the lower side of the plunger, the latter will be kept down, it' the weight 2 is properly regulated, and the hole 10 thus kept closed constantly.

As stated above, the plunger is provided with a membrane by which the pressl'n'e-air contained in the channel y is prevented from passing over the bore y, and is thus forced to act upon thclowerside of theplunger o, while the upper side of the latter, during this action, comes in commuuication with the exhaustchannel Z, through the air-ducts (5 and 1l, as soon as the small valve .l2 hangs down perpendicularly in the chamber 13, Figs. 3 and 4t. rPhe valve 12 serves to close either the bores (3 and ll, leading to the exlntust-channel Z or the channel 71, leading to the register.

The above-mentioned controlling or detaching apparatus fm., Fig. 3, consists ol' two channels, a and o, the former ot' which is open at both ends, while the latter is closed, but remains in constant communication with the interior ol' the windchest through the ain duct o', and is thus supplied with organ-ninth rlhe exhaust-tube Z is in communication with the air-duct 0 by the bore 'a'. For cach tone is arranged below the said channel o a separate little bore, which can be closed by a correspending` valve, fr, and which remains open as long as no tone is produced.

In the top ol' lIO Vrior channel, n, for each key.

'Circular valves q are arranged in the inte- These valves are connected with the valves r by thin wires in such manner that the valve?1 closes the corresponding bore at the same time as the valve q opens the bore ybelow it. Below the bore closed by valve q another larger bore, u, is p ro-l vided, which bore has two divisions formed by a membrane, t. The upper division communicates with the exhausttube Z, the lower with the tube s, which is led as far as the clavier. Iube s is filled with atmospheric air, themechanism being in repose. The membrane t is connected to the lower end of the wire 1, which connects valves q and r, and therefore` at the time with channel a. Supposing the windchest is Iilledwith organ-wind, this wind will enter through the channels o o, the opened .valve o', and the channel w, and the exhausttube Z, whence it passes into the bore u and causes pressure upon the Vupper side of the membrane t, the lower side of which is acted upon only by light atmospheric air contained in the tube .8. In fixed proportion to the greater diameter of exhaust-tube Z compared with the bottom of valve q the membrane t is forced down. Thus the valve qis pressed upon its seat and the exhaust-tube Z closed air-tight. It', now, one cylinder or all eylindersf are to beset in action, the exhaust-tube Z must be' put in communication with the upper side of the plunger n. This will be arrived at by opening the channel Z1. at one end to allow the atmospheric air to enter said channel h. The small valve 12 rests on the holewhich leads to the channel h, Figs. 3 and 4L, and thus theairducts 1I and G are opened and a communication obtained between exhaust-tube Z and the upper side of the plunger fu. In a possible change of the 'airs weight in the tubes Z this change will act upon the little plungers @,whieh are in connection with them by the said valves. On the pressing down of a clavier-key organwind is admitted into the corresponding' tube, s. This wind enters below the membrane t, and air of the same pressure acts upon the upper surface of the membrane. Under these circumstances the air-pressure in the tube Z, acting upon the bore u, sufces tolift valve q, by which the motive air enters the channel a and lil'ts at the same time the valve r in such a manner as to close channel o airtight and to prevent the rushing in ot' wind from the wind chest through the bore w to tube Z. Therefore tube Z is filled now with air of at mospheric pressure, which, as the valve 12 is open, passes through bores 11 and 6 to the upA per side of-plunger 12,' but as at this moment the air beneath plunger @and beneath valvez is ofgreater density than the air above plunger o the latter is lifted with great velocity, whereby valve z is opened and the organwind allowed to pass through the bores 8 over to the pipe arranged abovet-hese bores. At thesame time bore 7 is closed air-tight by the leather plate 3 on weight 2, so that the rushing in-of 'q bythe descenson ot' membrane t.

air at this point is rendered impossible, Fig.

4. As soon as the key is liberated atmospheric air enters again tube s, the air-pressure inthe channel o opens valve r and al- 7o lows the entrance of the compressed air through 'w and Z into u, closing atvthe same time valve Therefore the communication with atmosphere through channel a is cut ofi". The organ-wind passes again from Z over plunger o, which falls now by the pressure of weight 2, drawing with it valve z and closing bore 10, so that the rushing in of air to the pipe ceases, Fig. 3. The closing of hole 10 by valve re-that is to say, 8o the descension of plunger v-can be performed also, as the key is being pressed down, by al lowing the organ-wind to pass into channel h by drawing a register. rIhe air enters by valve 12 into chamber 13, and closing at the same 85 time airduct ll-that is t-o say, the communication between tube Z and the space above the plunger v--it passes through 6 and enters the space over this plunger o, whereby the pressure from below is balanced, so that the plunger 9o is pressed down by weight 2 and hole 10 closed by valve z. By the descending of plunger e the leather plate 3 on weight 2 opens immediately bore 7, and consequently allows wind enough to enter into the bores 9 and over the 95 plunger o, so that its dcscension and the closing of hole 10 is secured in the same sure and precise manner as its opening.

Fig. at shows a cylinder arranged for two claviers. Channel h, on the right hand, is rco filled with wind. Therefore valve 12 closes tube Z-that is to say, the way tothe space over the plunger o. In this case it is not possible to play upon the register by using the relative clavier. On the left side, however, valve 12 105 is in such a position as to allow free communication through tube Z to the space over the plunger o. Thus it will be possible to play upon the register. The airduet 11 on the right discharging into tubeZ of one clavier, while 11o air-duct 1l on the left is in communication with tube Z ofthe other clavier, it will be possible to make one tone-sound and two claviers by using only one stream of air.

In Fig. 6 the pneumatic action apparatus 115 I II III are shown, in a small size, in their construction, viz: for the u'pper manual, 14, for the under manual, 15, for the pedal, and their pneumatic couplings IV and connection with the windchests. 6 that pneumatic couplings IVjoin the appaf tus II and III, and that instead ot' the usual stop-pulls there is a balanceregister clavier,

V, arranged above the manuals 14' and 15.Y The keys' 1S to this clavier V are arranged on r25 double-armed levers, Fig. 12, their surface forming with that of the manuals an angle of forty-five degrees, and in such manner as to allow of their being moved up and down about half an inch in the notches ofthe clavierbeam, 13o Fig. 7.

In proportionV to the size of the organ, har- It can be seen in Fig. `I2o monium, or other instru ments ofthe same sort, the clavier-beam 17 can be of any length, and may project ou both sides beyond the keyboard of the manuals. Therefore it is easy to arrange fifty or more keys in one line. Vith a greater number of registers two claviers may be placed one above the other.

One, two, or more small knobs, 20, Fig. 8, are below each of the keys andA serve to prepare the desired registers for whatever effect of tone or kind of sound is desired, by pushing in these knobs, so that all voices can be made to sound or to be silent by one pressure on the knobs 29, which are under the manual of the lower clavier, l5, by which action all registers played upon before remain still in .readiness for playing on, as well after as before combination.

All registers played upon before can be caused to be silent simultaneously by means of the pressure-knob 29, similar to those 2t). W'ind is prevented by tube t5 from entering channel 22, so that the tone-coloring prepared by the combination is aloneheard. The knobs 2f) correspond with those, 20, which are placed below the keys 1S. Two or three knobs, 2l, are placed between the key-board of the upper manual, 1st, and that of the under manual, 1,5, Fig. (i, according as to whether two or more preparation-knobs 20 are found under each registerkey. These knobs 20 are always pushed off as they are pushed out by the double lever 27, mounted on a shaft, as soon as a combination is prepared by one or more knobs 20. In ease it is desired to stop this preparation for combinations, it requires only a slight pressure on one ofthe knobs 2t to force ont all the correspondingknobs 20, which action will :anse the preparation of the registers to cease. Small plates 2S, of china, metal, or any other suitable material, with the names of the registers corresponding` tothe keys 1S, are placed over them.

The clavier-beam, Fig. 7, consist-ing of three parts, 17, 30, and 3l, screwed together, is provided with grooves 22, 24, and Between these grooves is a small closed slit, 23, for each key, provided with a bore for tube 26. This tube 26 connects on its other end to the wind-chest of the great organ or pedal-organ, as shown in Fig. (i, connecting with the chaunel l1. of the wind-chest in a similar manner as that shown in Figs. 3, 4t, and 5, for the channel l, consisting in a distributing-valve, by means of which the channel h is alternately connected with the wind-chest and the atmospheric air, so that when tube 26 is connected with the wind-chest the orgauwind opens the distributing-valve connecting channel /t with the atmospheric air.

A small bolt, 32, having alongitildinal slit',

33, is jointed by a link, 1S), to the one arm of register-key 1S, Fig. 12. Such bolts are also to be found in the interior ofthe clavier-beam on the knobs 20, Fig. 6. The bolts 32 slide easily between the upper part, 17, and the middle piece, 30, of the clavier-beam, the same as the bolts on the knobs 20 do between middle piece, 30, and under part, 3l, of said beam. Slit 33 ol' bolt 32 communicates, Figs. 6 and 7, with channel 22, through middle piece, S0, with slet 23, and the slits in thebolts of knobs 20, Fig. ti, communicate with those in the middle piece, tlf), and under part, 3l, of the clavier-beam. They thus join slot 25E wit-h channel 2st or channel 25, in accordance as to whether the lirst or the second knob is to work. Channel 22 is always supplied by organ-wind, while the channels 2l: and 25 receive active windonly by the pressure on knob 2t Therefore it can be worked only on such voices as are prepared by knobs 20 for combination purposes. flu the case of stopping the admission of air by one of the said knobs the corresponding voices are silenced im mediately.

The register-keys 1S, Fig. 1 are doublearmed levers with the pivots in the middle,

and project with their front ends about half an inch over the under edge of the vaulted clavier-beam, Fig. o. 1t suffices to press slightly on the lower end of the key 1S in question to make the corresponding register ready to be played upon. On the contrary, a slight pressure at the upper end is sufl'ieientto get the register out of action.

For combination purposes, two knobs have hitherto been arranged, namely, either for sounding or for being silent, so that one knob produces a contrary effect to the other, or one knob is arranged for detachng the others. For instance, the third detaches the second, the fourth the third, and the lirst both the fourth and second. All these arrangements are very inconvenient for the performer, and arc now entirely replaced bythe knob contrivances, Figs. l5, t), 11.0, and 1l., described hereinafter. Instead ofthe usual stop-pulls, the present invention makes use of the balanceregister clavier, Fig. (i, which has as many keys 1S as the organ has registers and couplers.

Figs. fl to 1:2 represent details for the knob arrangement', 29 in a larger size. As may be perceived in Fig. t), knob 2t) can slide .in box 79, which is made of ebony or other suitable material and attached to clavier-board 7S. At the interior 'end of knob 29 a wire, Sl, is fastened, and wooden nuts S3, S-t, and SS are attached. The nut S3 when in repose has its oblique bevel in perpetual Contact with stoppin latch 90 on spring S2. Vhen the knob is pushed in, this latch slides over the bevel of nut S3. Spring S7,pressing on nut S-t,now reaches also the adjusting screw 8G and the performer is conscious of a perceptible resistance,by which he knows that the stoppage is effected and that on the withdrawal of his linger knob 29 and those devices connected with itcannot return to their former position, Fig. ll. By pushing in knob 29 the movable wooden arm 85, which at first was lying on 91,

I OO

IIO

lifts spring 32, provided with latch 90, and rcmains in a fixed position to this spring. At the moment of stopping, female screw or nut S3 reaches thearni 85, Fig. 10. Aslight pressure only on knob 29 suffices to cause the registers in readiness by knobs 2O to sound, and

, to continue this sounding-in the position arrived at, Fig. 10. l

As already mentioned, organ-wind is found in the channels 24 and 25 only when its entrance is effected by knob 29'-that is to say, by pressing down this knob.

Wire 8l is rmly connected with a bolt, which is arranged precisely in the same inanner as bolt 32, already described, Fig. 12, and leads, according to the number of contrivances for combinations in`each register, into one, two, or th-ree channels, 80, which are in the ledge, Fig. 6. These channels are always filled With organ-wind, and communication is established between them and the channels 24 and 25, or, asit is shown in the drawings, with one of them, by slots in the bolt, which slots agree with tube 44. By the pressure on knob 29 the said slots will be free and the organ -wnd can` pass without obstacle through tube 44 into channel 24 or channel 25. It' it is desired to silence the registers, the pressure on knob 29 must be repeated a little harder, by which action Wire. Sl is pushed rather lnore. Nut 83 now draws with it arm 85, which lifts spring S2 rlittle bylittle until wire 3l and said arm S5 `form a right angle, Fig. l1, and spring 82 isv in such a position that nut 83 `can pass freely under latch 90, by which movement the pressure devices are detached andbroughtback to their former state.

f By releasing knob-29 metal spring 87 causes wireSl to spring back. Spring 82 is held up by arm until latch 90 reaches its former position behind female screw 83, Fig. 9. Knob 29 is thrust out until wooden nut S8 touches ledge 92.

The pneumatic-action apparatus I II III (represented in Fig. 6) consists chiefly of the cases 5 8, 59, and 60, which when used arefilled with organ-wind. For each keyco'rresponding circular metal valves, 6l 62 63 64 G5, are 'found in the cases, and the weight of such valves is so calculated that the touching of the claviers is rendered easy and precise. Be-

neath these cases and under said valves other with the top and in a perforated ledge, and

with the bottom end is guided in the small lever in such a manner that valves 61 62 or 63 64 cover and close the bore beneath, and valve 53 that above it. To insure a good closing. of

the bores and an elastic touch on the clavier, the valvesare provided with felt or leather. Levers 66, 67, and 68 are either in direct con.-

bore beneath, while valve 53 at the same time closes the small bore above. Valve 53 already closes this bore when valves 61 62 or 63 64 or 65 areli'fted about one twenty-fourth of an inch, but by the elasticity of the felt or leather valve 53 allows the lifting of the other valves oneeighth of an inch or more. Organ-wind is admitted by opening valve 65 into the bore underneath it and into leading-tube 39, and according as one or the other clavier is to be played on the wind will enter into tube 37 or 3S. As the tubes 37, 38, and 39 need only to be connected with air-duct smthat is to say, to establish communication between the pneumatic-action apparatus and its corresponding wind-chest--it is of no consequence how or where. the claviers are arranged in the organ, if there are two, three, or more claviers, and -if two, three, or more pneumatic-action apparatus are placed one above the other connected with their corresponding clavier. A diameter of onelfourth of an inch is sufficient for all air-ducts to connect wind-chest and pneumatic-action apparatus, even supposing the greatest distance occurring in practice to be between them, the tones will be repeated correctly and entirely.

`Pneumatic coupling apparatus IV, consisting, substantially, of a thin wooden board, 34, ofthe same length as the clavier, is arranged below the pneumatic-action apparatus I and II. For each key compartments 35 and 3G are cut in board 34. Tubes 37 and 38 lead the iirst from compartment 35,the second from 364 to tubes ofthe common wind-chest of the great and the upper organ. If these organs have each a separate wind-chest, tube 3S leads then into the windchcst of the great organ and 37 into that of the upper one. Air-ducts 40 41 42, cut into wooden plates, lead to the compartments 35 and 36, air-duct 42 discharging IIO into bore 5t) of action apparatus II, intended for the upper organ, while the air-ducts 40 and 4l communicate with bore 49 of apparatus -I for the great organ. Besides this, bore 49 is connected directly by air-duct 43 with .compartment 36, and therefore, also, with tube tus I, discharges into thetliirteenth cell of compartment 35. For instance, if wind be admitted through the irst valve, 6l, into airduct 4l of apparatus I, it will enter the thirteenth air-duct, 37. Striking, now, the rst tone of the lower clavier, the thirteenth tone of the upper organ will sound, and the same happens in a corresponding manner with all the rest of claviers 14 and 15. Concerning the IIS ISO

pneumatic-action apparatus III, serving for the pedal-organ, an air-duet, 16, leads to the cell. 52, which branches off to the outlets 4S and 47, the first leading to compartment 35 ol' the upper organ and the second, 47, to cell 36 of the great organ. In order to keeptheapertures 40, 4l, 42, 43, lt7, and fil-S continually open, the valves of the air-ducts discharging into the compartments and 36 are so arranged that they hang down freely.

Oriiees yl2 and il-3, which serve for direct communication only with the air-duet 37 or 3S, respectively, are provided with valves only to prevent the wind after entering by another air-duct from returning by 412 or '13 to the pneumatic-action apparatus, and from rushing ont by the open valve 53 beneath. lehind the conipartmcnts--that is to say/,cells 35 and fi-arelong straight channels 5i, 55, 56, and 57,which are closed on one side and divided in their middle by adjustable leather plates. These plates are provided with wire rods, which push the corresponding valves hanging over the apertures /l-O, ell, 47, and 4S. rlhe righthand compartment of' these channels 5l, 55, 56, and 57 is always Iilled with organ-wind as long as the bellows are Working. At the time of this action the valves are pressed closely on the apertures by the wires, for preventing the rushing in or out of wind through theni. If, now, one of the pneumatic couplings is to be set in action, organ-wind must be let in on the left side of the leather plate-that is to say, the side where are the pins or wire rods, and this plate will take the position as in 5-i and 56. The wire connected with the leather plate liberates the corresponding valve, as shown, before the orifices 4l and 4S-that is to say, opens the aperture and allows the action-wind entering thc corresponding aii'ducts and setting in action the pneumatic apparatus appertaining thereto. If organ-wind belet into the right-hand division ot' the channels by a suitable arrangement, so that the leather plates take the position as shown Vat 55 and 57, the coupling is thereby put out ot' action.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is l. In organs with pneu matie action, the

regulating-valve chest in, containing the channels a and o, the air-ducts o', ir, and n, the valves q and r, connected by means of a wire to the elastic partition-walls t, in combination with the wind-chest ol' the organ, the exhaust-channels Z Z', tubes s, and cylinders f, as and for the purposes herein shown and described.

2. The balance-register clavier V, consisting of the register-keys 1S and theircoinieetions 19 and 32, mounted in the clavier-beam 17 30 8l, containing the grooves 22, 24, and 25, and the slits 23,conneeting by tubes 26 with the channels 71 the knobs 20 2l and their conneetions, and the levers 27, in combination with knobs 29 and their connections Sl. Si. SS, box 7S, nut S3, spring 82, carrying stoppin 90, spring 87, and lever S5, with knobs tubes 45, and with the a] iparatuses I, ll, III, and IV, as and for the purposes herein shown and set forth.

3. The coupling apparatus IV, consisting of a chest, St, with compartments 36,conneeting with the tubes 37 and 3S, respectively, ai r-ducis it() ltl. 42 -itf 16 'fl-7 L l-S, valves leading into compartments 35 and 36 and operated lrom the channels 51, 55, 56, and 57, said valves connecting with an elastic partition, dividing said channels by means ol' a connecting-wire, in combination with the pneumaticaction apparatuses I, Il', and III, as and l'or the purposes herein shown and described.

4t. In organs with pneumatic action, the cylindrical post f, provided near its upper end with the channels or bores 7 S 9 16, the piston c, carrying weight 2 and washer 3, and connected to valve c by rod t', the membrane ft and ring 5, in combination with the windchest a b (l c, containing the channels y Z W11, 11.6, chambers 13, and the valve 11.2, as and for the purposes herein shown and set l'orth.

Signed at l,runswick, in the l)ukedom of Brunswick, this l5th day of November, A. l).

- Il SSG.

GUSIAV SANDER.

\Vitnesses:

HANs BlrU'r Ln n., 0. liairn'r. 

